Some Interesting Facts on Origins of Indian Education

• Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India.

• The number system was invented by India. Aryabhatta was the scientist who invented the digit zero.

• The' place value system' and the 'decimal system' were developed in 100 BC in India.

• The World's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.

• Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. His calculations was - Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: ( 5th century ) 365.258756484 days.

• The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, which was long before the European mathematicians.

• Algebra, trigonometry and calculus also orignated from India. Quadratic equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 ( i.e 10 to the power of 53 ) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C. during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera: 10*12( 10 to the power of 12 ).

• India has the second largest pool of scientists & engineers in the world.!!

• Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.

Health Check: Why to Drink Coconut Water?

Coconut Water contains organic compounds possessing healthy growth promoting properties that have been known to help:

·         Keep the body cool and at the proper temperature

·         Orally re-hydrate your body, it is an all natural isotonic beverage

·         Carry nutrients and oxygen to cells

·         Naturally replenish your body's fluids after exercising

·         Raise your metabolism

·         Promote weight loss

·         Boost your immune system

·         Detoxify and fight viruses

·         Cleanse your digestive tract

·         Control diabetes

·         Aid your body in fighting viruses that cause the flu, herpes, and AIDS

·         Balance your PH and reduce risk of cancer

·         Treat kidney and urethral stones

·         Boost poor circulation of Blood.

                                                                             *****

Dangers of use of Plastic - Reduce, Recycle, Reuse

Introduction:


Managing or reducing use of plastic is a major concern to governments all over the world. Since children are exposed to the use of plastic in everyday life, the teacher can talk about how different nations have tackled this problem, and what each child can do , starting from their own homes.

Objective: 

1. Students will learn about the dangers of using plastic 
2. Students will be more environment- conscious 
3. Students will learn to campaign about reuse and recycle plastic in their neighbourhood. 

Activity Steps: 

Earlier people carried their own bags made of cloth or jute to markets. Today we march back with plastic carry-bags from shops. More plastic = more non-biodegradable material. Even as environmental concerns are being voiced, the awareness of how to curtail the manufacture of plastic and limit its role in everyday life is inadequate. To deal with plastic, the three "R"s to remember are:

• Reduce

• Recycle

• Reuse

Reducing the quantity of plastic in our lives would mean buying products with less or no plastic packing at all. The danger to be aware of is that it is becoming ‘natural’ to buy commodities that are elaborately packed, somehow linking quality with packaging. This fallacy could be combated only through awareness of how eco-unfriendly plastic is.Recycling is about processing waste-material into usable raw material for other purposes. This would involve several chemical treatments and processing in specialized plants set up by garbage recycling institutions and municipal authorities. So, the students could begin to “act” in their own homes by separating organic waste and plastic waste into two garbage cans. This would help the municipal authorities immensely.


Reusing plastic would entail reducing the amount of plastic one uses by using already accumulated plastic to the maximum. Finding new uses for abandoned or now defunct plastic is ‘reuse’. This could involve small-scale need-based processing with very little effort. One instance would be supermarkets advocating the reuse of their durable plastic bags. This means, instead of taking home a bag after every shopping spree, one bag would serve several trips. Other active reuses of plastic would be to convert large plastic cans into a garbage bins, smaller containers into cactus holders, or flour-scoopers, or a dust pan. This could be made in a monthly activity. Groups of students could come up with innovative ideas to convert certain forms of plastic into some other useful items.


Talking about civilizations in the pre-plastic days would be interesting. You could talk about how cooking was done in earthen pots, plantain leaves were used for plates, and how gunny bags and jute bags became shopping bags and bags to store food. This discussion will enable students to realize how indispensable we have allowed plastic to become. Knowledge of pre-plastic material will allow for an exploration of viable, non-plastic alternatives. Examples of nations like Malta where drums of various sizes are used as boundary walls, and Africa where toys are made from used cans and bottles would be of interest to students. In societies where reuse and recycling is an economic necessity, every item is seen to have potential for alternative uses.

To heighten students’ awareness, provoke the detective in the child to follow-up on what happens to the garbage that is collected from our homes. At a local level, rag pickers and civic bodies sort out the rubbish, but at the international level, ship loads of non-biodegradable and radioactive waste is dumped by western countries into developing countries and their oceans. Students could collect relevant newspaper clippings and make a presentation in class.


Why avoid plastic? Some facts

• Most plastics are non-biodegradable. They cannot be broken down into simpler, harmless products by the action of living organisms. 
• Most plastics are derived from oil, which is a non-renewable resource. 
• Many plastics are highly inflammable. Hence caution must be exerted in having plastic drapes or covers in areas prone to fire mishaps (say, the kitchen). 
• Cattle, horses, and goats have been known to die of asphyxiation and blockage of the gastro-intestinal system after the consumption of plastic. This is attributed to the obstructive quality of plastic. 
• The evidence of the impenetrability of plastic is seen through clogged gutters. Blockages in sewage drains occur because of plastic covers or cans, which lead to stagnation. 
• When young children have played with used plastic bags by putting them over their heads, the result has been suffocation. In fact, incorporation of holes into bags most likely to come into the hands of children, have been legislated in several countries 

Once you have introduced the children to these facts, ask them to use the information to design posters and signs that can help create awareness in the school and in their neighbourhood.

Change of Name for Majors - Govt procedures to be followed in India

GUIDELINES FOR CHANGE OF NAME FOR MAJORS

NOTICE FOR advertisement by individual in the Gazette of India Part-IV regarding Change of Name, addition or deletion of surname etc.

The person attaining the age of 18 yrs. and above who wishes to get his/her change of name published in the Gazette of India Part-IV has to comply with the following formalities prior to publish of such advertisement.

1.                  Please advertise change of name in one of the daily local leading newspaper stating therein father’s/Husband’s name along with residential address and forward it in original to this Department.

2.                  Please submit an original affidavit duly attested by first class Magistrate/Notary/Oath Commissioner showing therein full details of father’s/husband’s name along with residential address before taking oath in the affidavit . In case of individuals working with Central Govt. they may submit

deed for change of name in accordance with the Ministry of Home Affairs O.M. No. - 190016/1/87-Estt. dated 12.03.1987. Specimen is attached. In case of Indians, living abroad, he/she will submit deed duly attested by the respective Indian Embassy/Indian High Commission, in original to this Department.

3. Please submit printing matter as prescribed in the attached specimen duly completed in all respects by typing the same on a separate plain paper and signed by the individual in his/her old name, with two witnesses in duplicate. The Proforma must be typed.

4.                  Please attach two passport size photographs and come personally or else the case can be sent by registered post with photographs duly attested.

5.                  The printing charges for publication of change of name Rs. 700/- only. However in case of public notice Rs. 900/- would be charged. The amount will have to be submitted or remitted in advance in cash or by Demand Draft/India Postal Order drawn in favour of Controller of Publication, Department of Publication, Civil Lines, Delhi-54. The extra copies of the Gazette can be supplied to the extent of 2 on additional payment of Rs. - 35/- per copy. The charges in cash can also be deposited alongwith, aforesaid documents in our Department. The cost of advertising of change of name in the Gazette of India for Indian living abroad is Rs. - 2300/- which includes air mail charges also.

6.                  All the aforesaid document, printing charges together with forwarding letter addressed to The controller of Publication, Department of Publication, Civil Lines, Delhi-54. should be sent to this Department. The documents must not be old beyond the period of one year.

7.                  The documents once submitted in this Department will not be returned in any circumstances, neither original nor Xerox copy.

8.                  Visiting hrs. to the public in this regard is 10.00 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 3.00pm on any working day.

9.                  (A)      If the individual adopts the name of other religion and not change his/her

religion, he/she must produce an affidavit duly signed by the SDM that he/she not changed his/her religion. The cost of such type of advertisement will be Rs. 900/-

(B)              Such type of matter for change of Religion must also be shown in the newspaper as well as in the prescribed Performa.

SPECIMEN FOR CHANGE OF NAME FOR MAJOR

ALL BLANK SPACE DULY TYPED ON SEPARATE

PLAIN PAPER IN DUPLICATE (TWO COPIES)

No. ADVT./IV/

I hitherto known as………………………………. Son /Daughter/Wife of………………………………………………………………. employed as …………………………………………………………………residing

at………………………………………………………………………...have changed my name and shall hereafter be known as …………………

It is certified that I have complied with other legal requirements in this connection.

Signature (in existing old name)

Witness No. 1

Signature                                                         Full Name

Address

Witness No. 2

Signature                                                         Full Name

Address

Surnames of India - some names with its details...

Indian surnames and family names are derived from a variety of systems and naming conventions. The surnames are influenced by religion, profession, region, caste etc. Some are listed here:

Abbott	One who worship and spread teachings of Sanatan Dharam (Hinduism)
Achari	Derived from Asari (Malayalam). Carpenters in profession.
Acharya	Priest & teacher.
Adiga	Priest from North Karnataka.
Agarwal	Derived from Agarwala or 'a descendant from district Agroha', ancient name of Hissar city. Agroha had 18 districts - Garg, Mangal, Kucchal, Goyan, Goyal, Bansal, Kansal, Singhal, Jindal, Thingal, Airan, Dharan, Madhukul, Bindal, Mittal, Tayal, Bhandal, and Naagal. All these surnames are synonymous with Agarwals.
Ahluwalia	A descendant from Ahlu, a village near Lahore.
Ahuja	A descendant of Ahu.
Arora	A descendant from Aror, today's Rohri in Sind.
Asan	This word derived from sanskrit Acharya meaning teacher. Kaniyar community of south Kerala, uses this title in virtue of their traditional avocation as elementary school teachers.
Bandopadhyay	A respected teacher.
Banerjee	Teacher from the village of Bandoghat.
Bharadwaj	Descendants of sage Bharadwaja.
Bhat/Butt	Priest or Scholar.
Bhattacharya	Priest & teacher.
Bhattathiri	Particular class of Brahmins in Kerala.
Chaturvedi	One who has learned all the four vedas.
Chattopadhyay	A teacher from the Chatta village in Bengal.
Chopra	Descendants of warrior Chaupat Rai.
Desai	Means one who owns desh (place). Landlord.
Deshpande	District accountant / head of region.
Devar	Means God. Community is based in Tamil Nadu. Has Ambalakaarar (village headman), Maravar (warriors), Chervaar (palace workers) 4. Piramalai kallar (spies) as sub-sects.
Dhawan	Messenger on the field of battle.
Dubashi	Person who knows two languages, a Translator.
Dutta	Drived from Aditya or Sun.
Dwivedi	One who has learned two vedas.
Embranthiri	Brahmins migrated from Karnataka and settled in Kerala.
Ganaka	Hindu traditional astrologers (Kaniyar) in Kerala and Assam (Ganak Brahmins).
Gandhi	From Sanskrit gandha which means perfume, perfume seller. In Gujarati the word also means grocer or pharmacist.
Gill	Lake/Moisture/Prosperity. Punjabi sikh origin.
Gowda	Karnataka origin. Village headman.
Guha	Another name for Lord Kartikeya.
Guneta	People originally from Queta/Sind.
Gupta	Ruler/Protector.
Iyer	Derived from Tamil word Ayya which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word Arya which means Noble.
Iyengar	One who has undergone the 5 purification rituals.
Jain	Follower of Jainism. Which is derived from Jina (one who overcomes).
Jha	Someone who recites from memory.
Johar	Sanskrit for Jewel.
Joshi	Practioner of Jyotish or astrology.
Kakkar	Strong.
Kaniyar	Tamil-Malayalam translation of the Sanskrit word "Ganika"-r (those who calculate). Traditional astrologers of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
Kapoor	Descendants of Moon.
Kaul	Means well-born. Derived from Sanskrit word Kula.
Kaur	Princess. Punjabi sikh origin.
Khan	Turkish in origin. Means Chief/Ruler.
Khanna	Derived from Khanda (sword).
Khatri	Punjabi version of Kshatriya (ruler). Khanna, Kapoor, Seth, Mehra, Malhotra, Chopra and Walia are all Khatris.
Kocchar	Armour.
Mahajan	Literally means big People.
Mahto	Head of the village.
Malik	Arabic word for King.
Marar	Performs music and percussions in Temples. Of Kerala origin.
Menon	Of Kerala origin, Accountants.
Mehra/Mehrotra	Descendants of Mihr (Sun).
Mishra	Mixed or blended.
Mukhopadhyay	Main Teacher.
Nayar, Naik	Means leader, soldier.
Nair	Derived from Nayak, means leader. Nambiar, Adiyodi, Kurup, Menon, Unnitthaan, Thampi, Mannadiyaar are sub class of Nair.
Nambeesan	Lower class brahmin who performs temple duties in Kerala.
Namboothiri	Particular class of Brahmins in Kerala.
Nehru	One who lives on the bank of a Nehr or canal.
Pandey	Saryuparin Brahmans who specialized in the study & research of the 4 Vedas and Puranas.
Panicker	Derived from Sanskrit word Parinayaka (martial art preceptor). Kaniyar Panicker or Kalari panicker of Kerala is commonly known by this name.
Patel/Patil	Village headman.
Pilla/Pillai	Young lad, son. Malayalam and Tamil origin.
Pothuvaal	Performs music and percussions in temples. Of Kerala origin.
Prajapati	Suryavanshi descendants from Ikshvaku son of Manu prajapati (son of Daksha Prajapati).
Rana	Ruler. Some speculate it's the male version of Rani.
Reddy	Derived from "Rashtrakuta" which is Sanskrit for "Rettakudi". Rettakudi is converted into Rettadi and later Reddy.
Saini	Head of army.
Sethi	Derived from Sanskrit word Sreshti (Merchant). Incidentally Shetty/Chettiar has the same roots.
Shah	Persian word for Monarch.
Sharma	Hindu (Brahman) name from Sanskrit sarma means joy, shelter.
Shukla	Bright.
Singh	Derived from Sanskrit word Simha which means Lion.
Sinha	From the Sanskrit word Simha which means Lion.
Somayaji	Brahmin who performs Somayaga.
Tagore	Anglicised version of Thakur (Lord).
Talwar	Swordsman/Sword.
Tandon	Warrior or sun.
Trivedi	Learned in 3 vedas.
Varrier	Temple dwellers of Kerala origin, who performs other temple duties than Puja
Varma/Varman	Kshatriyas in South India. Affixed to the names of rulers.
Verma	Hindu name, from Sanskrit word varman which means armor, protection.