Surnames of India - some names with its details...

Indian surnames and family names are derived from a variety of systems and naming conventions. The surnames are influenced by religion, profession, region, caste etc. Some are listed here:

Abbott	One who worship and spread teachings of Sanatan Dharam (Hinduism)
Achari	Derived from Asari (Malayalam). Carpenters in profession.
Acharya	Priest & teacher.
Adiga	Priest from North Karnataka.
Agarwal	Derived from Agarwala or 'a descendant from district Agroha', ancient name of Hissar city. Agroha had 18 districts - Garg, Mangal, Kucchal, Goyan, Goyal, Bansal, Kansal, Singhal, Jindal, Thingal, Airan, Dharan, Madhukul, Bindal, Mittal, Tayal, Bhandal, and Naagal. All these surnames are synonymous with Agarwals.
Ahluwalia	A descendant from Ahlu, a village near Lahore.
Ahuja	A descendant of Ahu.
Arora	A descendant from Aror, today's Rohri in Sind.
Asan	This word derived from sanskrit Acharya meaning teacher. Kaniyar community of south Kerala, uses this title in virtue of their traditional avocation as elementary school teachers.
Bandopadhyay	A respected teacher.
Banerjee	Teacher from the village of Bandoghat.
Bharadwaj	Descendants of sage Bharadwaja.
Bhat/Butt	Priest or Scholar.
Bhattacharya	Priest & teacher.
Bhattathiri	Particular class of Brahmins in Kerala.
Chaturvedi	One who has learned all the four vedas.
Chattopadhyay	A teacher from the Chatta village in Bengal.
Chopra	Descendants of warrior Chaupat Rai.
Desai	Means one who owns desh (place). Landlord.
Deshpande	District accountant / head of region.
Devar	Means God. Community is based in Tamil Nadu. Has Ambalakaarar (village headman), Maravar (warriors), Chervaar (palace workers) 4. Piramalai kallar (spies) as sub-sects.
Dhawan	Messenger on the field of battle.
Dubashi	Person who knows two languages, a Translator.
Dutta	Drived from Aditya or Sun.
Dwivedi	One who has learned two vedas.
Embranthiri	Brahmins migrated from Karnataka and settled in Kerala.
Ganaka	Hindu traditional astrologers (Kaniyar) in Kerala and Assam (Ganak Brahmins).
Gandhi	From Sanskrit gandha which means perfume, perfume seller. In Gujarati the word also means grocer or pharmacist.
Gill	Lake/Moisture/Prosperity. Punjabi sikh origin.
Gowda	Karnataka origin. Village headman.
Guha	Another name for Lord Kartikeya.
Guneta	People originally from Queta/Sind.
Gupta	Ruler/Protector.
Iyer	Derived from Tamil word Ayya which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word Arya which means Noble.
Iyengar	One who has undergone the 5 purification rituals.
Jain	Follower of Jainism. Which is derived from Jina (one who overcomes).
Jha	Someone who recites from memory.
Johar	Sanskrit for Jewel.
Joshi	Practioner of Jyotish or astrology.
Kakkar	Strong.
Kaniyar	Tamil-Malayalam translation of the Sanskrit word "Ganika"-r (those who calculate). Traditional astrologers of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
Kapoor	Descendants of Moon.
Kaul	Means well-born. Derived from Sanskrit word Kula.
Kaur	Princess. Punjabi sikh origin.
Khan	Turkish in origin. Means Chief/Ruler.
Khanna	Derived from Khanda (sword).
Khatri	Punjabi version of Kshatriya (ruler). Khanna, Kapoor, Seth, Mehra, Malhotra, Chopra and Walia are all Khatris.
Kocchar	Armour.
Mahajan	Literally means big People.
Mahto	Head of the village.
Malik	Arabic word for King.
Marar	Performs music and percussions in Temples. Of Kerala origin.
Menon	Of Kerala origin, Accountants.
Mehra/Mehrotra	Descendants of Mihr (Sun).
Mishra	Mixed or blended.
Mukhopadhyay	Main Teacher.
Nayar, Naik	Means leader, soldier.
Nair	Derived from Nayak, means leader. Nambiar, Adiyodi, Kurup, Menon, Unnitthaan, Thampi, Mannadiyaar are sub class of Nair.
Nambeesan	Lower class brahmin who performs temple duties in Kerala.
Namboothiri	Particular class of Brahmins in Kerala.
Nehru	One who lives on the bank of a Nehr or canal.
Pandey	Saryuparin Brahmans who specialized in the study & research of the 4 Vedas and Puranas.
Panicker	Derived from Sanskrit word Parinayaka (martial art preceptor). Kaniyar Panicker or Kalari panicker of Kerala is commonly known by this name.
Patel/Patil	Village headman.
Pilla/Pillai	Young lad, son. Malayalam and Tamil origin.
Pothuvaal	Performs music and percussions in temples. Of Kerala origin.
Prajapati	Suryavanshi descendants from Ikshvaku son of Manu prajapati (son of Daksha Prajapati).
Rana	Ruler. Some speculate it's the male version of Rani.
Reddy	Derived from "Rashtrakuta" which is Sanskrit for "Rettakudi". Rettakudi is converted into Rettadi and later Reddy.
Saini	Head of army.
Sethi	Derived from Sanskrit word Sreshti (Merchant). Incidentally Shetty/Chettiar has the same roots.
Shah	Persian word for Monarch.
Sharma	Hindu (Brahman) name from Sanskrit sarma means joy, shelter.
Shukla	Bright.
Singh	Derived from Sanskrit word Simha which means Lion.
Sinha	From the Sanskrit word Simha which means Lion.
Somayaji	Brahmin who performs Somayaga.
Tagore	Anglicised version of Thakur (Lord).
Talwar	Swordsman/Sword.
Tandon	Warrior or sun.
Trivedi	Learned in 3 vedas.
Varrier	Temple dwellers of Kerala origin, who performs other temple duties than Puja
Varma/Varman	Kshatriyas in South India. Affixed to the names of rulers.
Verma	Hindu name, from Sanskrit word varman which means armor, protection.